Eligibility and Selection Criteria for Physical Infrastructure And Water And Sanitation (PI&WES)

Ineligible Organizations

Any organization or its allied community organization that is political, discriminatory, ethnic, sectarian, or exclusionary in any way would not be eligible for funding.
The following are the main parameters of the major components of PI&WES Projects.

Conditions

1. The quality of water source will be checked before implementing a water supply scheme.  This will be done through water sampling and collecting information from other sources, such as UNICEF.  Additionally, every precaution will be taken to avoid deterioration of water quality once the scheme is implemented.
2. Water supply schemes should have a reliable, perennial, adequate in quantity and safe drinking water source.

Hand Pumps

1. Preference will be given to those deprived communities who do not have a reliable source of potable and adequate water supply.  For example to those areas where the people, mainly the women collect water from unprotected open wells, polluted streams and walk considerable distance to fetch water for the family needs.
2. The site selected for hand-pump installation should be a community place and accessible to women and children who are the principal carriers of water in rural areas.  One-way walking distance to the water supply scheme should not be more than 15 minutes.
3. A hand-pump should serve at least 10-15 households or 150-200 users.  It should be ensured that the scheme is not for an individual and all members of the concerned community should have equal access to it.
4. Technical feasibility of community hand-pumps, such as Afridev shall essentially be determined prior to installation.  For an Afridev hand-pump, the depth of water table should be in the range of 30’-170’.  In waterlogged areas and places where community wells are not available, drilling should be done up to the matured depth so that the hand-pump does not dry up in the dry season.
5. Hand-pumps shall be installed at those locations where there is no risk of groundwater pollution from the existing wastewater disposal system, solid waste or latrines.
6. Hand-pump sites should have sweet water acquefers with little chance of saline water intrusion.

Gravity flow-based schemes

1. The water source should be a community property and if the source belongs to an individual it should be donated to the community.
2. The scheme should be used for drinking purpose only, unless otherwise agreed at the time of signing the memorandum of understanding between the project and the community.

Dug wells

1. The rehabilitation work will involve plinth protection, safeguard against surface water surface or spilled water finding its way to the well and repair of the existing lining.
2. Provision of low-cost cover above the wells, such as corrugated-iron sheet covers for shade and to minimise the entry of tree leaves, etc. should be considered.  Protection measures should also be taken, as far as possible to avoid the entry of mice and various reptiles into the well. Lining of well could be considered in those areas where the soil is unstable. The lining brick masonry in cement sand mortar 1:4----1:6, RB work in c/s mortar, per cast RCC rings, or stone masonry in c/s mortar.

Latrines

1. Based on the current sanitation policy in the country, only demonstration latrines will be installed in public places, such as schools.
2. Model demonstration latrines should be provided in those schools where the facility does not exist or is inadequate for the number of students.
3. The type of latrines to be installed will depend on site conditions, particularly the depth of water table so that waste water/ material from the pit does not contaminate the groundwater.  Minimum distance between a latrine and water source/ acquefer varies for different soils, but it should not be less than 30 feet in any case.
4. Water storage tanks should be considered for schools, where possible to provide water for drinking and flushing latrines.
5. Hygiene promotion will be an integral part of sanitation.

Drainage

1. Low-cost open drains should be provided/ rehabilitated to dispose off wastewater in those communities where piped-water system exists.
2. The drains should be diverted to an outfall in the vicinity.

Solid Waste Disposal

1. Solid waste does not include human excreta and the hygiene promotion activity should emphasise this point during interaction with the community.
2. Low-cost solid waste disposal schemes should be introduced where demanded.
3. The location of solid waste dump pits should be conveniently accessible to all members of the community.
4. The solid waste dump pits should be at a lower level than the water supply scheme so that any surface runoff does not affect water quality.

Irrigation Schemes

1. Primary focus of the project will be water and sanitation and no new irrigation schemes or feeder roads shall be constructed.
2. The existing irrigation channels will be rehabilitated where needed and demanded by the community.   The rehabilitation work may include lining of the existing channels, where water wastage occurs due to seepage or other reasons.
3. Pipe culverts, walkways or flood drains may be constructed at places where the irrigation channels cross village roads and are a source of inconvenience to the community.
4. Tube wells are required in the water deficit areas and isolated tracts, having round the year demand for irrigation. Water from the tube well should be suitable for crops and tested in the laboratories established by the agriculture directorate. Minimum spacing between tow adjacent tube wells recommended is 1600 feet (500 meters), assuming the radius of normal cone of depression as 650 feet (200 meters). If an irrigated area is water logged. Tube wells could be also used as an anti water logging measure.
5. Before installing a tube well, resistively test is recommended to determine the depth and extent of water bearing formation, the suitability of sub soil formation for storing water. The tube wells could be either operated through electric motors or diesel engines or economical solar batteries.

Link Roads

1. The existing infrastructure will be repaired and rehabilitated only in those places where demanded by the community and found absolutely necessary for the needs of the concerned communities.
2. Existing feeder roads with deep cuts or potholes, because of soil erosion will be repaired.  The repair work may involve filling up and compacting the cuts and potholes and by providing proper drainage.
3. Existing link roads with deep cuts or potholes, because of soil erosion will be repaired. The repair work may involve filling up and compacting the cuts and potholes and by providing proper drainage.
4. New link roads will be allowed for isolated communities, with dire need of fair means of communication, potential of marketing of agricultural produce.
5. Simple structures, such as pipe culverts, causeways, RCC Slab culverts, retaining walls, breast walls, will be constructed on drains or channels, where the exiting construction is causing flooding on the link roads and undue inconvenience to the local community.
6. In mountainous terrain, earthen drain are must along the traverse with suitable disposal points, lay by having a width of 12 X 100 feet in addition to normal width of road will be provided at suitable locations, preferably a spacing between tow lay byes in the range of 200 feet to 500 feet is recommended. Desirable gradient in hilly areas is a ruling gradient of 1 in 20 however it should in no case exceed the limiting gradient of 1 in 15.
7. At curves, super elevation of 1 in 15, minimum inside curve of 48 feet, gradient of 1 in 20, as flat as possible for at least 100 feet above the bend should be maintained.